Thursday, April 22, 2010

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Altruism (4) Values \u200b\u200bEducation and learning models.








If we really want a better, fairer, more benign for all, we can not sit around waiting for manna falling from Heaven. We choose to opt for having a pro-social attitude, today, now here. We can not stay in the complaint or take sterile the blame on the ruling class. To make a change, what better to start with ourselves, to clean the garden of our own home? And the funny thing is that the neighbors look at our garden and do not want to be unless we .... also cleaned and your neighbor will do the same because they want to be unless he ...

A pro-social attitude is learned and taught time. This attitude is underpinned by universal values \u200b\u200b . That are universal means they are valid for all and beyond any political partisanship, religious, racial etc. Here comes an example: In the wake of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Birth of Brahma Kumaris UN Foundation in 1996 published a booklet to work on these values \u200b\u200band titled "Living Values, a practical guide" The 12 values \u200b\u200bthat they make are: Love, Cooperation , Happiness, Honesty, Humility, Freedom, Peace, Respect, Responsibility, Simplicity, Tolerance and Unity.

This publication became part CVMM Project: "Sharing our values \u200b\u200bto create a better world." The objectives were to: 1 - Sensitize the people (children and adults) about the existence of a higher order of values \u200b\u200b 2 - Creating a safe environment for people to explore and express these values, 3 - offer methods and techniques, 4 - become more aware of the importance of self-development of people at both individual and community level. This is done in the form of workshops, courses, discussion groups, etc.

To read more about his story click here. Values \u200b\u200bEducation Program for Life, is currently coordinated by the International Association of Living Values \u200b\u200bEducation (ALIVE), a nonprofit association comprised of professional educators from around the world. This association is supported by UNESCO, and a wide variety of organizations, institutions and individuals. To read more click here .


Neuroscientists have recently discovered mirror neurons, under which human beings have the ability to imitate, like animals ( Setting Lacoboni among others) thing theorists of Social Learning Ability (Vygotsky, Dollar, Rotter) and derived his theory of Social Cognitive Learning (Bandura, 1986) have been saying time with other words, we learn models (vicarious learning), not only for ourselves (active learning). The first models are our parents, then the rest of the family, then the school: teachers, peer groups etc .... In short, our environment.

Albert Bandura one of the leading exponents of these theories, points out 3 types of environment: the tax, the chosen and constructed. The family enters the first group. Peer group in the second. The built: it is the one I built, I think. environmental factors not only determine our behavior, we also add cognitive factors, namely: mental processes. Both factors are present in learning.

In 1953 Bandura joined the academic team at Stanford University where he spent over half a century active in teaching and research. His initial research program focused on social modeling of human development and change . Came to theorize that transcends the imitation modeling (as hitherto believed) and it is supported on a selective choice of what you want to imitate, so half a cognitive process in which abstractions are made, new amalgam, resolve problems, etc. He and colleagues found in their research (see exp. Bobo doll, for example.) An aggressive parental modeling, produced aggressive children. Dr

Bandura and colleagues also studied the influence of violent television programming was in children exposed to it, concluding that children exposed to heavy doses of violence became violent. The commission Eisenhower (1969) would publish a conclusive report to that effect, but the Broadcasting Industry and Snuff industry closed ranks and fought back.

Of all the ways was amply documented (Bandura, 1973, 2004) and Television Industry uses mechanisms by which the moral sanction is disabled to use the issue of violent programs for commercial purposes. Deactivation moral is the same as applies in the perpetration of crimes against humanity. the moral is reflected both in the case of restraining inhuman behavior, and behave in a humane manner and proactive (Bandura, 1999)

The self-regulatory mechanisms of moral authority, not put in functioning unless activated (by a motivation rooted in values). inhuman behaviors are disengaged moral authority utlizando certain maneuvers for example, cognitive restructuring of inhumane conduct finding a "moral justification" or blurring of responsibility or blaming it on a superior (obedience) , or minimizing the consequences dehumanizing victims.


summary: altruism, pro-social, is taught and learned by models. It is based on universal values \u200b\u200band is activated by motivation of wanting to good.


Myriam Goldenberg

Friday, March 19, 2010

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Altruism (3) in action


As we saw in the first entry , there traits that prevail in a selfless personality. But to put them into practice requires more than just owning them. These traits are the product of both a- the genetic (predisposition) and b- education (values) and modeling. Learn from models.

internal motivation is needed (in addition to an external trigger, a trigger event) The Drs Samuel and Pearl Oliner in their investigations have found 3 different :

1 - Motivation empathically oriented.
2 - Motivation Orent to central rule

Today I
of third type

3 - Motivation Oriented under a top-umbrella own ( The principle of Justice, for some and for others the principle of neighbor Care )

Case "Suzanne" Type 3: Motivation is nucleated on the principle vector or "Umbrella "Justice.
Suzanne was born in 1909 in Paris into a Protestant family Calvnista moderately religious.
His father was an engineer and his mother a homemaker. Suzanne had a brother 12 years her senior. Suzanne finished her academic degree in Mathematics in 1933. He never married. After the death of his mother and his brother's departure Suzanne lived in an apartment rented 3 rooms, with his father. Worked at the school in a small town as a high school math teacher. During the war continued to work there.
"When Marshal Petain came to power, it was evident in the entrevista_ _dijo that the dictatorship had begun. I knew that one of the first steps would be an edict accusing the Jews. I did not react to the first, but when the second decree was published, I decided to get involved. I then wrote a letter to the 3 rabbis in my region. "In this letter she told them how angry I was by these accusations and their ancestors, Protestants of the Cevennes, had fought for freedom of worship. She was their example and put under the command of them.
One letter was intercepted and Suzanne was accused of provoking, but not be intimidated by them, but, quite the contrary, he continued his actions. A week was asked to me to get clothes for babies. She immediately got the practical work of his students tissue. Then followed numerous orders and was responsible for a long list of refugees.
Susanne recruits people to help in its well known. If action is not going well, she was not discouraged and he began to complain, but that was already embarked on the next mission. And so, he helped hundreds of adults and children aciento also, in different ways for 3 years running. None of them known before. Many had not even had contact with Jews.
His narrative did not focus on the hardships and psychological states of helping refugees. His reason for help was simply that "all men born equally free and equal rights. " Jews being persecuted, this was something she should do. It was a matter of justcia. " There was nothing.
Susanne was remarkably consistent in their actions from the time he made the decision to do so until the end of the war. 4 characteristics of its action : 1 - stable and goal-directed. 2 - help context impersonal. 3 - independent external reviews. 4 - commitment to pending action to end the injustice.

Susanne had higher scores on social responsibility, empathy. It was a confident person with a strong ego, whose power emanated from the principles. However, it was a modest person. Your flia had been close, with solid moral principles, his brother was a decorated hero of the Resistance.


Case "Louisa" Type 3: Motivation is nucleated on the principle vector or "umbrella" Care for others:
Louisa was born in 1909 in a Dutch family critaiana reform. His father was a military officer, his mother a talented artist. Louisa had two sisters. A two years her senior and a minus 4. Louisa studied at the Sorbonne before the war and then in the U.S.. A loa 20 years he went to Paris and worked as a writer and journalist. He married a German artist who had two daughters. She divorced him in 1940 and then married Luisa a degree in Agronomy Dutch had a nine year old son from previous marriage. Luisa, he and the 3 boys lived together in Holland outside of Amsterdam.
savataje activities Luisa began in 1940 when some friends asked him to keep at home personal objects ellos.Cuando his friends were interned in the ghetto, she They took the child of 3 years and stayed with him. She and her husband joined the Resistance. During the next few years, many Jews came to ask shelter. She continued to release activities.
Louisa The reason given for their actions, is very different to that of Suzanne (the previous case):
"I can not give reasons. There was nothing left to reason. There were people in need and I went to his aid. "
The focus was on "people in need of help," When he asked, as was that she began acting and her husband. She repsondió who did not start, but that the aid did naturally began gradually.
When his mother told him he believed he had no right to endanger the lives of their children, Louisa replied that this was the best legacy we could leave their children.
To Louisa: The common good was above the individual good and modeling that lesson and wanted to leave their children. She had a very strong sense of social responsibility, gave a high score (in the forms and tables of interviewers) in terms of pro-social action.

The content of the principles and Louisa moved to Suzanne altruistic action, were different, as was the importance of personal relationships in life each. In common were the great commitment to its principles (the first: justice) and second (caring for others) that allowed each to reverse the situation descanzo within the limits of possibility.

In the next and final installment (for now) talk about how to create altruists: Education in values \u200b\u200band learning models.

Thursday, March 18, 2010

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Altruism (2) Theorizing


As we saw in the previous entry , there are certain traits that prevail in an altruistic personality. But to implement them It takes more than just owning them.

While it is true that there an external catalyst (in this case, the Nazi persecution) is rather an aspect domestic, internal motivation, leading these people to act and is connected to how they interpret reality. In how they interpret the claims. Samuel and Pearl Oliner are called internal catalysts and have found 3 different :

1 - Grounds empathically oriented.
2 - Grounds Orent to central rule
3 - Motivation low Oriented First-umbrella own ( The principle of Justice, for some and for others the Principle of Care neighbor)


I will explain with the same examples that the authors surveyed in interviews:


Case "Stanislaus": Type 1: The central motivation was empathetic and consistent. Compassion.

Stanislaus was born in 1920 in a Polish Catholic family with limited resources. His mother had come from the countryside, where she worked as a maid and partly as a midwife. His father had had an incomplete education and when academémica Stanislaus was 8, a result of an accident, became disabled, living on a state pension since then.

Stanislaus had a brother 4 years older than him. Stanislaus graduated from the University in 1939 worse could not continue their studies until after the war where he completed a Master in the Consular Department of Diplomacy at the Academy of Political Science. During the war he and his family lived near the Warsaw Ghetto. His charitable activivades continued for several years.

As he himself recounts in the interview was coming to pick help a gallery of colorful people. Included several dozen people. Some got help in the form of a bowl of soup, other temporary shelter during the raids. Some are even as they were several years, he held good hiding at home or at home known.

Interviewers noted the Stanislaus way of telling the story, he knew personal details about the life of every one of those people and expressed with affection, great compassion. Really cared about their needs. Stanislaus particularly cared for his mother. Was a man who had many friends and friendship transcended race and creed. The street where he lived had been inhabited by 80% for Jews. Their self-esteem was mean and had a strong ego. His brother, encambio weakest character could not stand the pressure and went to the house was very afraid of being atratapado tampooc by the Nazis and was able to continue seeing the suffering of these people seeking refuge. Stanislaus, chose to stay.

motivated him three core values: education he received, the need to deal with others and universal tolerance.

In Virtue of the education they received, had a special understanding of the world (inclusive, accepting differences) in that respect and consideration for the other were core values. His interpretation of the reality of that moment, then took him to act accordingly, taking care of empathic to the needs of people in danger.


Case "Ilse" Type 2: a rule-oriented Grounds Central

Conversely an empathic reaction, a reaction oriented central rule is not directly connected with the victim. It is rather a feeling of obligation to a reference group which the actor is identified and whose implicit and explicit rules feels compelled to comply., for example, belonged to a church. For this group (52% of the rescuers). In general the reaction was triggered when a director of the community asked to help the persecuted.

Ilse was the wife of a German Lutheran minister, and responded to twice called her husband and a prestigious broker. Intermediaries often came from resistance groups. She was in the house to a Jewish couple for four days. It was highly risky because when German was opposition to the authorities in their own country.

help other people was an important religious rule Ilse. It also recalls that his mother taught him obedience, honor others, including peers. From his father he learned to believe in God, to have an interest in religious life and be modest.
Then, the internal motivation to act was Ilse, was to comply with group norms and rule hung up for others ..

Similarly, responding to a standard central the August 29, 1943 just before the Nazis were to make a raid to deport the Danish Jewish population, the Christian Danish people Lutherans organized the escape of more than 7,200 fellow Jews to Sweden in fishing boats during the night, mocking the German guard. The full story is compiled by Leo Goldberger, PhD in Psychology in "The rescue of Danish Jews, moral courage under stress", a book of which he is editor. The same was saved in one of those boats.



In the next installment v Eremos two examples of Type 3.

Monday, March 15, 2010

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action

says one of those theories irrefutable that the order of factors does not alter the product.





C hen was young and still believed I could change certain concepts deeply rooted that they were, try to theorize on the up or down. The style of Bert and Ernie with near or far, up or down. My example, taken from the sleeve conjurer who never went, was to defend it was the same coming up as the fall. As a result, the same. Because if one was up, at some point should come down and if one fell, another time should go up. Therefore, the order of factors did not alter the product. Anyway ... things
children sustained by imagination, which, as explained in the past, were endorsed by reading both comics, as my first books.



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